GOVSI podkast
Vlada Slovenije z GOVSI podkastom širi ustaljene načine obveščanja in komuniciranja z javnostjo ter krepi transparentnost vladnega delovanja. Vladni podkast je namenjen poglobljeni predstavitvi vladnih vsebin ter drugih aktualnih in družbeno pomembnih tematik. Poleg bolj neposrednega stika z javnostjo daje tudi prostor za dodatno in temeljito pojasnjevanje vladnih odločitev, načrtov, politik ali pogledov.
Podkast v celoti nastaja v produkciji in v prostorih Urada vlade za komuniciranje (Ukom). Imel bo več voditeljev, predvidoma bosta objavljeni po dve novi epizodi na mesec.
V podkastu predstavljamo aktualne vladne teme ter posebne projektne vsebine, kot je 20. obletnica članstva v EU. Predstavljamo tudi nacionalno znamko I Feel Slovenija.
Glasba: Kapagama [ SACEM ], Kosinus, Margot Cavalier, Advance
[ENGLISH VERSION]
With the GOVSI podcast, the Government of Slovenia is expanding the established ways of informing and communicating with the public and enhancing the transparency of government activities. The Government Podcast is designed to provide an in-depth presentation of government content and other topical and socially relevant issues. In addition to more direct contact with the public, it also provides a space for additional and in-depth explanation of government decisions, plans, policies or views.
The podcast is entirely produced and hosted by the Government Communications Office (GCO) and will have several presenters, with two new episodes per month.
We focus on current government topics and special project content, such as the 20th anniversary of EU membership. We also present the national brand I Feel Slovenia.
Music: Kapagama [ SACEM ], Kosinus, Margot Cavalier, Advance
GOVSI podkast
Peter Pogačar: Prenova plačnega sistema je prvi korak do učinkovitega javnega sektorja
Državni zbor je včeraj potrdil zakon o plačnem sistemu v javnem sektorju.
Glavne spremembe vključujejo postopno zviševanje plač, prilagoditve pri napredovanjih in ukrepe za večjo privlačnost javnega sektorja za iskalce zaposlitve.
Kot poudarja Peter Pogačar, generalni direktor Direktorata za javni sektor na Ministrstvu za javno upravo in član vladne pogajalske skupine, je posebej pomembno, da nihče v javnem sektorju ne bo več prejemal osnovne plače, nižje od minimalne.
Naš cilj je ustvariti sodoben in učinkovit javni sektor, ki bo služil prebivalcem. Ureditev plač je pomemben, a šele prvi korak do uresničitve tega cilja, pove Pogačar.
Vabljeni k poslušanju in gledanju nove epizode podkasta GOVSI.
(ENGLISH VERSION)
The National Assembly approved the law on the public sector pay system yesterday.
This marks the most significant reform in this area over the past 15 years.
The main changes include gradual pay increases, adjustments in advancement procedures, and measures to make the public sector more attractive to job seekers. As Peter Pogačar, Director General of the Public Sector Directorate at the Ministry of Public Administration and a member of the government negotiating team, highlighted in the latest episode of the GOVSI podcast, it is also crucial that no one in the public sector will receive a base salary below the minimum wage.
"Our goal is a modern and efficient public sector, a modern and effective service for residents. While orderly pay is undoubtedly an important step," Pogačar emphasizes, "this is only the first in a series of many steps ahead."
We invite you to listen and watch.
Vladni podkast Govsi.
Voditeljica Petra Bezjak Cirman: Dober dan, spoštovane gledalke in gledalci, poslušalke in poslušalci. Sem Petra Bezjak Cirman in to je 14. epizoda vladnega podkasta Gov.si v produkciji Urada Vlade Republike Slovenije za komuniciranje. Danes bomo razpravljali o prenovi plačnega sistema, ki neposredno vpliva na življenje več kot 188 000 zaposlenih v javnem sektorju, hkrati pa zadeva vse državljane, saj je dober javni sektor temelj vsake družbe. Vsak poklic v javnem sektorju ima ključno vlogo pri delovanju države. Na ta vprašanja bo danes odgovarjal naš gost Peter Pogačar, generalni direktor direktorata za javni sektor na Ministrstvu za javno upravo in član vladne pogajalske skupine. Živjo, Peter.
Gost Peter Pogačar: Lepo pozdravljena. Hvala za vabilo.
Voditeljica: Predlagam, da se tikava. Poznava se že iz moje prejšnje poklicne kariere, kjer sem bila tudi v sindikalnih vodah med drugim, tako da si ti sedel na drugi strani mize.
Pogačar: In enako kot takrat sediva na nasprotnih straneh mize.
Voditeljica: Ampak tokrat pa na isti barki in v isto smer greva. Kot sem že omenila, 188 000 zaposlenih. Dajva najprej povedati, kaj sploh je javni sektor. Ker pogosto slišimo kritike na naš račun.
Pogačar: Torej, javni sektor je v vsaki razviti državi ključen za stabilno delovanje ne države, ampak družbe kot celote. Včasih lahko rečemo, da javni sektor za vsakega prebivalca, državljana skrbi od njegovega rojstva skozi vrtec, skozi šolo, skozi zdravstveni sistem, univerzo, z vidika varnosti in vsega tega, do upokojitve. Vse to je javni sektor. Ljudje se morajo zavedati, da ko govorimo o javnem sektorju, ne govorimo samo o tistem ozkem državnem aparatu ministrstev in tega, ampak govorimo o vseh zaposlenih, vseh 188 000, ki so ključni za to, da se izvajajo javne storitve v imenu in za potrebe prebivalcev. In zdi se mi zelo pomembno, je zanimivo, da si to vprašala, ko včasih berem kakšne spletne forume kako v javnem sektorju nič ne delajo. Zakaj pa rabimo javni sektor? In ta ista oseba naslednje jutro pusti svojega otroka v vrtcu in pričakuje vrhunsko oskrbo 9 ur, dokler je on v službi, pričakuje storitev za svojo ostarelo mamo, za svoje starše in tako naprej. Nenazadnje, ne spregledati, vsi pričakujemo od države, da nam zagotovi varnost. Tudi varnost zagotavlja javni sektor.
Voditeljica: Na točno te kritike sem mislila. Od gospodarstva pogosto slišimo, da se zažiramo, da, kot si rekel, nič ne delamo. Kam gredo ti davki? Davki gredo verjetno v to, da imamo skoraj do univerze brezplačno šolstvo in da ti ne najameš posojila, da lahko greš študirat. In potem, ko si dobiš prvo službo, da odplačuješ posojilo.
Pogačar: Zdi se mi, da je velikokrat to morda v javnosti nekoliko spregledano. Pritožujejo se nad visokimi davki, nad potratnim javnim sektorjem in pravijo, je pa sicer dobro, da imamo za razliko od marsikatere druge države brezplačno zdravstvo, brezplačno izobraževanje. Torej to ni brezplačno. To tudi stane, vendar se financira iz davkov.
Voditeljica: Ampak daje pa možnost vsem v bistvu, ki živijo, da imajo enake možnosti za svoj osebni razvoj.
Pogačar: Absolutno. Značilnost modernih razvitih držav je močan javni sektor, ki zagotavlja javne storitve. Zdi se mi prav to eno ključnih vprašanj prihodnosti naše družbe, naše države. Namreč, ali si bomo odgovorili na vprašanje, kakšen javni sektor želimo? Katere javne storitve nam bo še naprej zagotavljal javni sektor, kajti mi se lahko odločimo tudi za privatizacijo določenih storitev. Vendar izkušnje iz drugih držav kažejo, da to ni dobro za prebivalce. Seveda, če pa se vsi skupaj strinjamo, da naj tudi v prihodnje javne storitve za prebivalce zagotavlja javni sektor, in če želimo kakovostno, učinkovito storitev, potem je to povezano tudi s stroški. Tako pač je.
Voditeljica: In verjetno od leta 2008, ko smo uvedli enotno plačno lestvico v javnem sektorju, je bil javni sektor potreben plačne prenove. 15 let je bil v veljavi. Vmes ga je sicer malce zaustavila kriza, tako da je šele 2020, se mi zdi, polno zaživel, da so se ti predlogi, ki so bili od 2008, do se potem zgodile 2020 nekatere zadeve, kot je recimo delovna uspešnost, če se spomniva. Kaj pa prinaša ta prenova plačnega sistema? Vidimo, na globalni ravni zmanjkuje delavcev. Težko privabimo recimo takšne, ki so zaposleni v javnem sektorju kot neki negovalci, recimo kuharji. Kaj jim bo boljše po novem?
Pogačar: Zanimivo, saj plačni sistem, ki je stopil v veljavo leta 2008, ni bil slab plačni sistem. Če bi bil res slab plačni sistem, verjetno ne bi zdržal v veljavi 16 let. Dejstvo pa je, da je 16 let zelo dolga doba in da pač trenutno plačni sistem ne odgovarja več na izzive današnjega časa, na izzive staranja prebivalstva, težave s privabljanjem mladih, nekih parcialnih ukrepov. In dejstvo je, da veljavni plačni sistem povečuje izdatke za plače v javnem sektorju, masa za plače narašča, pa vsi so z njim nezadovoljni. Se pravi, tukaj so bile nujne spremembe in dejstvo je, da je kar nekaj vlad v preteklosti že nameravalo ugrizniti v to kislo jabolko, ki dejansko je kislo jabolko. To verjetno tudi sama veš, ker si bila nekoč na drugi strani. To je kislo jabolko. Pa ne zaradi 46 sindikatov javnega sektorja. Jaz osebno s tem nimam težav, ker je prav, da ima vsaka poklicna skupina v javnem sektorju možnost zastopati svoje člane. Absolutno. Bolj gre za to vprašanje, da je javni sektor, ki izvaja vse te javne storitve, sestavljen iz tako raznolikih poklicnih skupin, da enostavno najti pravo ravnovesje že med temi poklicnimi skupinami, ob tem pa še odgovoriti na vse izzive sodobnega časa, je res zahtevno in tukaj moram reči, da se je vlada že na začetku mandata odločila, da bo pristopila k plačni reformi in prenova plačnega sistema je pred nami.
Voditeljica: In ena od teh zavez iz koalicijske pogodbe je, da bo prvi plačni razred enak minimalni plači, ker zdaj mislim, da je do 25. plačnega razreda že minimalna plača.
Pogačar: Tukaj je potrebnih nekaj pojasnil, ker se mi zdi, da v javnosti je kar nekaj nejasnosti okrog tega. Trenutno je v javnem sektorju več kot 20 000 ljudi, ki imajo osnovno plačo nižjo od minimalne plače. Seveda tudi ti ljudje že danes dobijo minimalno plačo izplačano, saj nihče ne sme dobiti plače, ki je nižja od minimalne. Tako je tudi prav. Vendar je to pomenilo, da je danes 66 od plačnih razredov v trenutnem plačnem sistemu jih je 24 vrednoteno nižje od minimalne plače. Kaj je to za tega posameznika pomenilo? Se pravi, tudi če je napredoval, zato ker je dobro delal, ker je dobil odlično oceno, tudi če je napredoval, se njemu to na plači ni nič poznalo, ker je bil še vedno na minimalni plači. In tako imamo danes 20 000 ljudi na minimalni plači in bili bi presenečeni, kako različna dela, tudi različno zahtevna dela, ti ljudje opravljajo in vsi imajo minimalno plačo. To je absolutno nevzdržno. Vlada se je k temu zavezala in v dialogu s socialnimi partnerji, sindikati smo dosegli, da bo po novem prvi plačni razred, se pravi tisti, ki je danes 24., če želite, določen v višini minimalne plače, to pomeni, da nihče v javnem sektorju ne bo imel osnovne plače, določene nižje od minimalne. To bo pomenilo, da seveda, ko bo napredoval, se mu bo to na plači poznalo, da se bodo njegovi dodatki za nočno delo, za nedeljsko delo, izmensko delo in to predvsem na področju zdravstva, socialnega varstva, da se bodo vsi ti dodatki, ki jih prejemajo, računali od višje osnove, kar bo tudi izboljšalo ta položaj.
Voditeljica: Bo to pritegnilo ljudi, da se bodo odločali za javni sektor?
Pogačar: Jaz mislim, da konkretno ta rešitev bo predvsem izboljšala položaj najslabše plačanih, ki danes res težko živijo, opravljajo pa izjemno pomembna dela, ki so ključna za oskrbo starejših prebivalcev, ki so ključna za zdravstveni sistem in tako naprej. Z vidika privabljanja novih kadrov, morda, če lahko tukaj povem. Mi se ne smemo ukvarjati samo s privabljanjem mladih. Mi smo danes v situaciji v javnem sektorju, ko se moramo potruditi narediti nekaj, tudi da bomo ohranili v javnem sektorju že zaposlene. Seveda, vedno je vprašanje. Absolutno bo prenova plačnega sistema s kar nekaj ukrepi prispevala k temu, tako k privabljanju ne samo mladih, privabljanju za zaposlitev v javni sektor, kot temu, da bomo ohranili zaposlene v javnem sektorju. Ampak plača je izjemno pomembna, ni pa edina stvar. Zdi se mi, da se včasih celo prevelik poudarek daje plači. Ljudje odhajajo zaradi slabega delovnega okolja, odhajajo zaradi odnosov, odhajajo zaradi ugleda poklica, nespoštovanja, se pravi, tukaj nas čaka še veliko dela tudi na drugih področjih, in če bomo želeli zagotoviti učinkovit, kakovosten javni sektor za naše prebivalce, je plačna reforma izjemno pomemben, ampak samo prvi korak v množici mnogih.
Voditeljica: Če si recimo iz gospodarstva, torej zasebnega sektorja in bi želel priti v javni sektor, to ni bilo nagrajeno, ker si prišel v izhodiščni plačni razred. Se to ohranja ali je kakšna novost?
Pogačar: No, to je recimo en ukrep, ki je neke vrste anomalija današnjega sistema, se pravi za pogoje napredovanja višjih plačnih razredov na enem delovnem mestu se je štela samo doba v javnem sektorju. Če lahko na plastičnem primeru povem, računovodkinja iz zasebnega sektorja, 20 let delovne dobe, se je odločila in se zaposlila v vrtcu. Njen plačni razred je bil enak tisti, ki je ravnokar prišla iz šole, se pravi brez enega dneva delovne izkušnje. To seveda ni prav. Nov zakon tukaj prinaša pomembno novost, se pravi tudi tej računovodji se bo lahko ob zaposlitvi določil plačni razred, kot da bi bila ta delovna doba opravljena v javnem sektorju, če bo seveda izkazovala potrebna znanja in kompetence. Vse to je množica majhnih ukrepov, s katerimi bolj fleksibilno določamo način določanja plače ob zaposlitvi. Izjemno pomembno. Večkrat smo poslušali od delodajalcev v javnem sektorju, da je plačni sistem izjemno nefleksibilen, se pravi strogo regulirano, kakšen plačni razred nekomu pripada in da je to predstavljalo veliko težavo zlasti pri privabljanju tistih, ki že imajo neka znanja, neke izkušnje, pridobljene izven javnega sektorja.
Voditeljica: Razlika med plačnimi razredi je zdaj 4-odstotna. Kakšna bo po novem?
Pogačar: Morda celo ključna novost, če nadaljujeva tam pri minimalni plači, se pravi, kot smo rekli, prvi plačni razred je določen v višini minimalne plače za leto 2024 in s tem se uvaja tudi nova plačna lestvica. Nova plačna lestvica je razvrščena od prvega do 67. plačnega razreda, razmerje pa je 1 : 7. Se pravi, če je prvi razred določen v višini minimalne plače, je najvišji plačni razred 7-kratnik te minimalne plače. Razlike med posameznimi plačnimi razredi pa so po novem tri odstotke. V sedanjem sistemu so štirje. To bo seveda pomenilo pri napredovanju nekoliko počasnejše napredovanje. Ampak vzpostavlja se novo razmerje. Ne pozabimo, 2008, ob uvedbi veljavnega plačnega sistema, je bilo razmerje med minimalno plačo in najvišjo plačo v državi 1 : 10,4. Se pravi najvišje plačane funkcije v državi so bile 10-kratnik minimalne plače. Danes, po 15 letih, je razmerje med najvišjo plačo funkcionarja, se pravi, to so najvišje funkcije v državi, in minimalno plačo 1 : 4,5. Skupaj s sindikati se nam to razmerje ni zdelo več ustrezno in smo se dogovorili, da bo razmerje med minimalno plačo in najvišjo osnovno plačo v javnem sektorju 1 : 7. Mislim, da je to dober kompromis.
Voditeljica: Jaz imam tukaj podatke ravno na to temo, ker smo šli pogledat za družbe, ki so v lasti države, pa niso del javnega sektorja, koliko zaslužijo najbolje plačani, ki imajo največjo odgovornost. Mislim, da se to velikokrat pozablja, da tisti, ki je v zadnjem plačnem razredu, ima tudi največ odgovornosti. Ampak primerjava s prav tako državnim podjetjem je naslednja. Pošta Slovenije. 10 000 evrov bruto mesečno, 13 400 zaposlenih. ZZZS. 5200 evrov bruto mesečno, 866 zaposlenih. To je verjetno del javnega sektorja, zato je takšna plača. SID banka. 20 000 evrov bruto mesečno za 221 zaposlenih. Spet javni sektor. UKC Maribor. Dobrih 5000 mesečno bruto za 3774 zaposlenih. In pa recimo Elektro Primorska. 500 zaposlenih, 9166 bruto mesečno za direktorja Elektro Primorske. Zdaj nekdo, ki vodi Klinični center, 8 000 zaposlenih, če sem prav rekla, si zagotovo za to odgovorno delovno mesto zasluži dobro plačo ali zmerno, reciva temu.
Pogačar: Absolutno in tukaj lahko rečem, da je bil tudi to eden izmed ciljev prenove plačnega sistema, ki si jih je zastavila vlada. Pa moram reči, da jih je tudi sindikalna stran sprejela z nekim razumevanjem. Namreč plače ne samo funkcionarjev, tudi direktorjev, omenili ste UKC Ljubljana z 8000 zaposlenimi, UKC Maribor, se pravi, da se vzpostavi ustrezno razmerje glede na zahtevnost, odgovornost nalog in tukaj, kaj se je zgodilo v preteklosti? To je pomembno povedati. Nekje sem bral, da se sedaj nekemu funkcionarju plača zvišuje za skoraj 50 odstotkov. Tukaj je treba nekaj povedati, da direktorji in funkcionarji, če bi primerjali, povprečna plača javnega uslužbenca je od leta 2015, ko so se nehali varčevalni ukrepi ZUJF-a, do leta 2022 kumulativno zrasla za skoraj 30 odstotkov, plače funkcionarjev pa samo za pet odstotkov. Se pravi, tukaj se je ustvarila ta razlika, na katero je nenazadnje v svoji odločbi glede sodniških plač opozorilo tudi ustavno sodišče. Zakaj se je to zgodilo? Ker plač nismo usklajevali. Se pravi, plače v javnem sektorju se niso usklajevale z inflacijo do nastopa te vlade. In javni uslužbenci so napredovali, imeli so določene parcialne dogovore, medtem ko direktorji in funkcionarji so praktično ostali nominalno na enakih zneskih in s tem, ko vzpostavljamo to novo razmerje, mislim, da je to pomemben kompromis, da bomo vzpostavili tudi neka ustrezna razmerja, ker to, da je danes, ne vem, so najvišji predstavniki oblasti, da je direktor kliničnega centra po višini plače nekje na 5000. mestu v javnem sektorju, prav gotovo ni ustrezno.
Voditeljica: Želiva povedati, da ga je zdravnik v kliničnem centru lahko z dodatki prehitel.
Pogačar: Morda še to. Saj če ga prehitiš z dodatki, to ni problem, ker dodatki so vedno dani za neke posebne pogoje in jaz s tem nimam nobenih težav. Če nekdo opravlja nočno delo, če nekdo opravlja delo ob praznikih in nadurno delo, seveda je to realni pokazatelj njegove plače. Nam se je začelo dogajati, da so prehitevali že po osnovnih plačah. Kajti povedati pa moramo, da funkcionarji in direktorji niso upravičeni do nadur, niso upravičeni do delovne uspešnosti, ne dobijo nobenih dodatkov, razen dodatka za minulo delo in ta razmerja v novi plačni lestvici smo zastavili nekako tako, da noben javni uslužbenec po osnovni plači ne bo mogel prehiteti funkcionarja, ki mu je nadrejen, in enako javni uslužbenec, podrejeni, ne bo imel višje plače kot direktor. Tako je praktično v vseh podjetjih.
Voditeljica: Konkretno vprašanje. Že večkrat si omenil napredovanje, razredi. Nekateri so govorili, da se je to napredovanje v javnem sektorju izrodilo, da so se delile najboljše ocene. In kaj bodo zdaj s temi javnimi uslužbenci, ki so že v svoji delovni dobi pridobili določene ocene napredovalne, Kako bo po novem letu? Kaj bo z njimi, se jim ohranijo, se to drugače preračuna?
Pogačar: Morda, če začneva tukaj na začetku. V veljavnem sistemu javni uslužbenec napreduje na podlagi ocen. Se pravi, če dobiš odlično oceno, napreduješ vsaka tri leta za dva plačna razreda. In potem so različne kombinacije, seveda zlasti zaradi varčevalnih ukrepov, ko smo primerjali, se je to nekako izrodilo in ocene niso bile realne, recimo, in predvsem je pa to pomenilo veliko administrativno breme. Z novim sistemom ocenjevanja za napredovanje ne bo več, ampak bomo uvedli avtomatsko napredovanje. To pomeni, da bo javni uslužbenec napredoval na določeno obdobje za en plačni razred. Seveda ne vsi. Nadrejeni bo imel dve možnosti. Eno je avtomatsko napredovanje, se pravi nobenih administrativnih ovir, imel pa bo možnost pospešenega napredovanja, se pravi za nekoga, ki dosega boljše rezultate, da bo hitreje napredoval, in seveda tudi zadržanega napredovanja. Nekdo, ki ne dosega pričakovanih ciljev njegovega dela. Ključno pa je, to pa je zdaj tisto s poudarkom na privabljanju mladih, ključno pa je, da je sistem zastavljen tako, da boš v prvih letih kariere napredoval hitreje, nekje v drugem desetletju kariere morda malo počasneje in potem v tretjem desetletju še malo počasneje. Zakaj? Ker ravno danes imamo izjemno visoke razlike v višini plače med mladimi in tistimi, namenoma ne rečem starimi, ampak tistimi z več let delovne dobe, ki opravljajo isto delo, njihova razlika v osnovni plači pa lahko tudi presega 40 odstotkov. Se pravi, po novem boš lahko na delovnem mestu napredoval za 30 odstotkov, vendar boš v začetku kariere napredoval hitreje. To je spet en moment, s katerim želimo predvsem mladim omogočiti, da hitreje napredujejo, če seveda izpolnjujejo cilje. Ni pa seveda res, da se ukinja kakršnokoli spremljanje rezultatov dela. To ne drži. Še vedno se bo spremljalo rezultate dela skozi razvojni pogovor in še vedno bo vodja imel možnost bodisi pospešeno napredovanje ali tudi zadržano.
Voditeljica: Kaj bo s temi razredi, ki jih imamo zdaj?
Pogačar: Seveda, se opravičujem, to je zdaj konkretno.
Voditeljica: Zagotovo koga to zanima.
Pogačar: Ja, to je zanimivo. Zagotovo gledalce zanima. Nekdo, ki je v sedanjem sistemu napredoval leto in pol nazaj nazadnje in ga zdaj verjetno zanima, kaj bo čez tri leta. Ali mu je šlo to leto in pol v nič. Ne, to leto in pol ali pa eno leto, obdobje od zadnjega napredovanja na podlagi ocene do uveljavitve novega plačnega sistema se všteva v to obdobje za napredovanje. Se pravi, ker v začetku kariere boš napredoval vsaki dve leti, potem vsaka tri leta. Se pravi, nikakor to obdobje, ko je javni uslužbenec delal, ne gre v nič.
Voditeljica: Greva na eno vprašanje državljanke, ker smo tokrat zbirali tudi vprašanja za ta pogovor in se na to navezuje. Ona sprašuje: Sedaj je bilo namreč s tretjim odstavkom 16. člena Zakona o sistemu plač v javnem sektorju določeno, da se napreduje na podlagi treh letnih ocen. Torej vsaka tri leta za en ali dva plačna razreda, odvisno od ocen. Kaj bo z oceno, ki naj bi bila za leto 2024, saj naj bi se novi zakon uporabljal s 1. 1. 2025, oziroma kako se bo naredil prelom za napredovanje po starem oziroma po novem. Kaj ji odgovoriva?
Voditeljica: Konkretno. Obdobje od zadnjega ocenjevanja, ko je gospa napredovala, potem pa se bo pogledalo, koliko let delovne dobe ima, koliko napredovanj je že bilo in potem se bo v novem sistemu pogledalo, ali je glede na delovno dobo upravičena do napredovanja vsaki dve leti za en plačni razred ali vsaka tri leta. In glede na to se bo to obdobje od zadnjega ocenjevanja upoštevalo v obdobje po novem zakonu. Jaz bi seveda moral vedeti konkretno, koliko časa je minilo od zadnjega ocenjevanja, koliko delovne dobe, v katerem plačnem razredu je gospa. Ampak morda, če sem ravno pri besedi. S kolegi na ministrstvu za javno upravo smo dogovorjeni, da bomo takoj potem, ko bo zakon sprejet in po vsej verjetnosti podpisana tudi kolektivna pogodba za javni sektor in bodo znane vse uvrstitve v novem plačnem sistemu, da bomo pripravili posebna usposabljanja za vse zaposlene v javnem sektorju, tudi online. Mogoče je to zdaj priložnost, da jih povabim, da se udeležijo teh usposabljanj, kjer bomo tudi na praktičnih primerih razložili, kaj nov plačni sistem pomeni.
Voditeljica: Menda pa naj bi pripravili tudi neko aplikacijo, da bo lažje za vse?
Pogačar: Ena aplikacija, kjer si lahko vsak javni uslužbenec že danes pogleda predviden plačni razred v novem plačnem sistemu v okviru nove plačne lestvice, je že objavljena na spletni strani Ministrstva za javno upravo kot pripomoček, vendar terja kar nekaj razumevanja tematike. V okviru priprave na prehod v nov plačni sistem pa bomo na ministrstvu pripravili posebno aplikacijo za vse delodajalce v javnem sektorju, za vse javne uslužbence, ki bo na nek način avtomatizirana in bo precej olajšala prehod v nov plačni sistem. Kajti zavedamo se, da je za sam prehod v nov plačni sistem za 188 000 zaposlenih, 3000 delodajalcev v javnem sektorju časa relativno malo. Preden bova odgovorila, koliko denarja bomo dali za to, te prosim, da mi pojasniš razliko med plačno anomalijo in plačnim nesorazmerjem, ki se je v času starega zakona ... Zdaj se oba nasmihava, ker sva se ravno pred začetkom pogovarjala.
Voditeljica: Plačna anomalija je slabšalni izraz za plačno nesorazmerje. Kaj pa je plačno nesorazmerje?
Pogačar: Nesorazmerje pomeni, da ko smo 2008 vstopili v enotni plačni sistem, to je bila takrat revolucija javnega sektorja. Do takrat je vsaka poklicna skupina imela nek svoj plačni sistem z nekimi svojimi pravili. Vsak se je s svojim resornim ministrom dogovarjal za višje plače, kar bi posledično lahko vodilo v javnofinančni kaos. V 2008 smo vstopili v enotni plačni sistem, kjer je bil cilj, da se zagotovi neka razmerja med plačilom, da se zagotovi primerljivo plačilo za primerljivo delo. To je zelo neoprijemljiv izraz. Kaj je primerljivo? Je primerljivo delo uradnika na UKOM-u, uradnika na ministrstvu za javno upravo z violinistom v Slovenski filharmoniji, z zdravnikom? Kako to primerjati? Kajti vsi imajo sedmo stopnjo izobrazbe ti ljudje. Ampak so bila vzpostavljena neka razmerja. In seveda nesorazmerje pomeni, da ko se ena poklicna skupina bodisi s stavko bodisi socialnim dialogom dogovori za dvig plačnih razredov samo za njihovo poklicno skupino, se s tem vzpostavi nesorazmerje z drugimi poklicnimi skupinami. In potem je pač stvar pogajanj, ali delodajalec, vlada v tem primeru, prepozna, da ta poklicna skupina dejansko mora imeti višje plače zaradi potreb na trgu dela, zaradi zahtevnosti dela. In to so potem pogajanja. Tako da sama prenova plačnega sistema je vseskozi sestavljena iz dveh delov. Eno je nov plačni sistem z novo plačno lestvico 1 : 7, ki že sama po sebi pomeni višje plače za vse, tako za tiste z nižjimi plačami od minimalne, tako za tiste, ki so malo nad minimalno plačo. Vzporedno pa potekajo še pogajanja o odpravi nesorazmerij, to pa pomeni pogajanja o višjih uvrstitvah, o višjih plačah. Se pravi, to je vse del paketa. Zakon je sprejet na vladi in zakon je sprejet v zakonodajnem postopku, usklajen v celoti s 30 sindikati javnega sektorja, ki so praktično najmočnejši sindikati in predstavljajo več kot 80 % zaposlenih v javnem sektorju. Vzporedno so tik pred zaključkom tudi pogajanja o uvrstitvah. Vse skupaj mora biti sprejeto v paketu, da bo s 1. januarjem nov plačni sistem zaživel.
Voditeljica: In zdaj ta očitek, od kod denar? Ker se zažiramo v blagajno. 1,4 milijarde je za to potrebnih, ampak postopoma.
Pogačar: Zelo pomembno sporočilo. 1,4 milijarde je ogromno denarja. Absolutno. Ampak zavedati se moramo, da gre tukaj za 188 000 zaposlenih, da je masa plač v javnem sektorju, letna masa trenutno 6 milijard evrov in da bo naraščala v vsakem primeru, tudi če ne gremo v nov plačni sistem. Naraščala bo zaradi avtomatičnih napredovanj na podlagi odličnih ocen, zaradi dogovorov skupin, hkrati pa bomo beležili vedno težje privabljanje zaposlenih v javni sektor in tako naprej. Seveda si država iz javnofinančnih razlogov ne more milijarde 400 milijonov, kolikor je ocena, privoščiti izplačati vse v enkratnem znesku, ker bi to bil javnofinančno izjemno velik zalogaj. Zato smo se s sindikati dogovorili, da bo ta prehod v nov plačni sistem postopen. Potekal bo od 1. januarja 2025, ko bomo upravičeni do višjih plač, pa vse do 1. januarja 2028. Pri tem pa je pomembno, da funkcionarji izvršilne in zakonodajne veje oblasti v času mandata tega državnega zbora in mandata te vlade ne bodo deležni višjih plač. To kaže na to, da so želeli sporočiti, da ne gre za dvigovanje njihovih osebnih plač, ampak da gre za vzpostavitev sistema. Še ena stvar je tukaj izjemno pomembna. Sistem prehoda s temi tranšami, s postopnim izplačevanjem, je zastavljen na način, da sta prvi dve tranši izplačani že v letu 2025, in sicer 12 % razlike med današnjo plačo in končno plačo, vendar ne manj kot 100 evrov. Se pravi, je določen tudi nominalni spodnji znesek. Zakaj je to pomembno? Pomembno je zato, ker bodo prav najslabše plačani v javnem sektorju, ki verjetno najtežje pričakujejo to novo plačno reformo, bodo praktično spodnja tretjina plačne lestvice, spodnja tretjina najslabše plačanih, bodo celotno razliko prehoda v nov plačni sistem dobili že v prvem letu in pol, se pravi funkcionarji in direktorji, ki se nam plača bolj povečuje, pa seveda šele na koncu. To se mi zdi izjemno pomembno. To je bilo pomembno sporočilo, kajti fokus je ne samo na privabljanju mladih, ampak na tem, da izboljšamo položaj najslabše plačanih v javnem sektorju, ki opravljajo izjemno pomembna dela, pa verjetno komaj preživijo.
Voditeljica: Greva zdaj, 100 evrov bruto si omenjal. Konkretna vprašanja, ki smo jih dobili. Kaj natančno pomeni za prvo obdobje izplačilo 100 evrov bruto? Kakšna je potem bruto plača za obdobje od 1. 1. 2025 do 30. 9. 2025? Ali je to bruto plačnega razreda na dan 31. 12. 2024 plus 100 evrov več?
Pogačar: Zelo dobro vprašanje. Očitno je vprašal nekdo, ki pozna trenutni plačni sistem. Torej, o čem govorimo pri stotih evrih? Govorimo o tem, da se vedno primerja. Namreč, 31. decembra 2024, če bo plačni sistem zaživel in ni nobenega razloga, da ne bi zaživel, imaš znesek plače v sedanji plačni lestvici. S 1. januarjem se ti določi plača po novem. Recimo, da razlika znaša 270 evrov. Teh 270 evrov bruto predstavlja razliko, do katere je javni uslužbenec upravičen v novem plačnem sistemu, in od teh 270 evrov se pogleda. 12 odstotkov od 270 ... Zdaj, moja matematika, je nekaj čez 40 evrov, recimo 35, 40 evrov. Vendar, ker je to manj kot 100 evrov, bo ta javni uslužbenec dobil s 1. januarjem že 100 evrov, 1. oktobra 2025, zato je gospod opozoril na 30. 9. 2025, bo dobil nadaljnjih 100 evrov te razlike in potem s 1. aprilom 2026 ali 1. majem, ne vem točno, še preostanek, 70 evrov. Se pravi, on bo celotno razliko dobil v prvih treh. V tem vmesnem obdobju bo njegova bruto plača znašala znesek na dan 31.12. plus 100 evrov, od 1. 10. dalje še nadaljnjih 100 evrov višje. In to je ta razlika. Se pravi v procentu, vendar ne manj kot 100 evrov, kar pomeni, da bodo najslabše plačani dobili celotno razliko prehoda v nov plačni sistem izplačano praktično že v prvem letu in pol.
Voditeljica: Naslednje vprašanje. Kaj se zgodi v primeru, da v času do leta 2028 javni uslužbenec zamenja delovno mesto ali pa napreduje v plačni razred naziv? Kaj se zgodi z nesorazmerij, ki sva jih pojasnila, v tem primeru, in izplačilom razlike v tem obdobju?
Pogačar: Seveda v tem primeru, vse te situacije so predvidene v prehodnih določbah zakona. Moram reči, da smo, lahko povem, delovna skupina sindikatov javnega sektorja in vlade je zakon obravnavala na več kot 60 sejah delovne skupine. Mislim, da smo vsak člen obravnavali vsaj trikrat. Se pravi, tukaj so izjemno pomembne prehodne določbe zakona, ki določajo prehod v nov sistem in tudi, kaj se zgodi v tem prehodnem obdobju. Seveda, če bi nekdo v tem prehodnem obdobju zamenjal svojo zaposlitev, šel na drugo delovno mesto, bi veljalo enako pravilo kot na bivšem delovnem mestu. Tudi na novem delovnem mestu ne bi kar naenkrat dobil tiste plače, ki jo bo šele dobil na koncu. Ampak tudi v tem primeru velja prehod, ki pripada tistemu delovnemu mestu, na katerega je premeščen. Se pravi, nikakor ne bo na slabšem, ne bo pa zgolj zaradi menjave zaposlitve seveda tudi na boljšem, tako da to je v prehodnih določbah zelo natančno urejeno.
Voditeljica: Naslednje vprašanje. Kako bo predvidena navedba plačnega razreda in bruto vrednosti v pogodbi o zaposlitvi glede na 101. člen osnutka zakona? Ali se v pogodbah konkretno navede bruto zneske za omenjena obdobja izplačila razlike na podlagi odstotkov?
Pogačar: Ja, zelo dobro vprašanje, očitno nekoga iz prakse v javnem sektorju, kar kaže samo na to, da se tudi v javnem sektorju delodajalci že pripravljajo na to izjemno zahtevno opravilo. Še enkrat povem. Takoj po sprejemu zakona, po podpisu, uveljavitvi kolektivnih pogodb, bomo na ministrstvu za javno upravo pripravili podrobna navodila, jih objavili na spletni strani. Načrtujemo tudi posebna usposabljanja, kjer bomo na vse takšne dileme tudi odgovorili. Tudi to vprašanje, kako se bo v pogodbi o zaposlitvi, se bo verjetno, kot pravnik, bi rekel, določil končni znesek, se pravi tisti, do katerega si upravičen, potem pa se bo po obdobjih določila plača z eno klavzulo, se pravi usklajevanja. Lahko samo še nekaj omenim, zelo pomembna, ne vem, če sem omenil, novost novega zakona, ki bo bistveno vplivala na položaj javnih uslužbencev v prihodnje, je, da se uvaja avtomatično usklajevanje plač v javnem sektorju. Jaz mislim, da je to ena največjih pomanjkljivosti veljavnega plačnega sistema, ki je določal, da ne glede na inflacijo, ne glede na gospodarsko rast, ne glede na vse, se plače v javnem sektorju ne uskladijo, če ni dogovora med vlado in sindikati javnega sektorja. In tako se praktično plače v javnem sektorju deset let niso usklajevale z inflacijo. Nov zakon tukaj prinaša pomembno novost. Se pravi, vsako leto se bodo plače uskladile za 80 odstotkov inflacije preteklega leta. Vedno pa zakon dopušča možnost, da se s sindikati dogovorimo za več ali manj. To bo bistveno pripomoglo k ohranjanju realne vrednosti, ker to razmerje, o katerem sem prej govoril, med javnimi uslužbenci in funkcionarji, ki je bilo ob vstopu v plačni sistem 1: 10,5, danes je 1:4,3. V novem sistemu bo 1 : 7. Do tega porušenega razmerja je prišlo tudi zato, ker je seveda minimalna plača se usklajevala z inflacijo in še z marsičim drugim, kar je absolutno prav. Verjetno si nihče od nas ne predstavlja, kako težko živijo ljudje z minimalno plačo, vendar se ostale plače niso usklajevale in to je porušilo razmerje. To se v novem sistemu ne bo dogajalo. Se pravi, preprečeno bo realno padanje plač, uskladilo se bo za 80 % inflacije preteklega leta.
Voditeljica: Tudi privlačnejši bomo.
Pogačar: Upam.
Voditeljica: Jaz tudi.
Pogačar: Upam, ker to ... Javni sektor glede na demografsko situacijo na trgu dela, glede na pomanjkanje ljudi, prebivalcev, zaradi same demografije, se mora javni sektor začeti obnašati konkurenčno. Konkurira na trgu za kadre in tukaj bo treba ... 20 let nazaj je bila dovolj zgolj pogodba za nedoločen čas. Pri današnjih mladih generacijah to ni več dovolj, potrebno je ponuditi stimulativno plačilo, karierni razvoj. Potrebno je ponuditi fleksibilno delovno okolje, spoštljivo delovno okolje, ne samo za mlade, ampak tudi zato, da bomo ohranili že zaposlene. In tukaj vidim v prihodnosti poleg plačnega sistema tudi ključno vlogo vodij v javnem sektorju. Tukaj imamo še ogromno rezerve.
Voditeljica: Delovna uspešnost obstaja, prej sem jo že omenjala. To je zadnja stvar v bistvu, ki je zaživela iz prejšnjega plačnega sistema šele 2020. To je bilo izjemno pozno in nisi imel neke denarne nagrade, da motiviraš zaposlene.
Pogačar: Tukaj je šlo predvsem za varčevalne ukrepe, kajti najlažje se odpoveš tistemu, česar nisi še nikoli dobil. In če se delovna uspešnost še ni uvedla, je tudi njena uveljavitev bila nekako dogovor, kar je v bistvu slabo, ampak tudi 2020, ko smo uvedli delovno uspešnost, je bilo ogromno skepse, ali v javnem sektorju vodje to znajo. Vodje so se bali te delovne uspešnosti. Ampak danes vidimo, da po začetnih tistih praskah vodje prevzemajo odgovornost, imajo pa v rokah tudi orodje. Trenutno seveda masa za to delovno uspešnost, sami zneski še niso tako visoki, vendar v novem sistemu povečujemo možnost mesečnega variabilnega nagrajevanja. In tukaj nas čaka vodje kar zahtevna naloga.
Voditeljica: Še eno konkretno vprašanje, zelo konkretno, spet na podlagi novega zakona. Katera delovna mesta spadajo pod neregulirana? V odstavku, kjer je naveden spregled izobrazbe, je naveden pogoj nekaj let delovne dobe. 10, 15. Ali je možno javnega uslužbenca, ki dokazuje ustrezne kompetence in znanja za določeno delovno mesto, uvrstiti v višji tarifni razred, kljub temu da ima manj let delovne dobe, kot je zgoraj navedeno?
Pogačar: Institut spregleda izobrazbe uvajamo kot novost v plačni sistem. O tem smo s sindikati imeli izjemno veliko razprave. To je zelo zahtevno vprašanje. Na eni strani seveda s tem pomanjkanjem kadra in na drugi strani, da so plače strogo vezane na stopnjo izobrazbe, ki jo imaš. In potem smo se pogajali, da nekdo, ki sicer formalno nima na primer pete stopnje izobrazbe, vzemimo za primer kuharja v domu za starejše. Potem kdo vpraša, kaj pa kuhar? Pa kuhar je ključen v domu starejših občanov.
Voditeljica: Ali pa v šoli.
Pogačar: Ali pa v šoli. Mora pripravljati posebno prehrano in tako naprej. Se pravi, je bila bistvena razlika v njegovi plači, ali ima peto stopnjo izobrazbe, se pravi štiriletno srednjo šolo, ali triletno srednjo šolo. In potem smo se pogovarjali o tem, na kakšen način bi njemu omogočili, da glede na znanja in kompetence, ki jih že ima, da bi mu pa vendarle lahko priznali plačo za peto stopnjo izobrazbe. Ker bodite prepričani, če bo šel ta kuhar čez cesto v restavracijo v zasebni sektor, tam ga nihče ne bo vprašal, kakšno stopnjo izobrazbe ima. In tukaj nov zakon prinaša neke možnosti, seveda ob nekem pogoju. Seveda pa to ne more veljati za regulirane poklice. To so pa poklici zdravnika, medicinske sestre, uradnika. Se pravi, ne bo vas operiral nekdo s peto stopnjo izobrazbe. Se pravi, eno so regulirani poklici, drugo pa so poklici, ki niso regulirani. In tukaj nov zakon pod določenimi pogoji prinaša možnost spremembe, da se tudi temu, če ima ustrezna znanja, delovne izkušnje, določi višja plača. Vse v smeri te večje fleksibilnosti javnega sektorja pri določitvi plače, večje možnosti za privabljanje deficitarnega kadra. Kajti verjemite, danes so v javnem sektorju skoraj že vsi poklici deficitarni glede na stanje na trgu dela.
Voditeljica: Na to vprašanje, ki je tudi konkretno zastavljeno, sva že odgovorila skozi cel pogovor, ampak dajva zdaj še na koncu. Zanima me konkretno, kakšna bo nova plačna lestvica za naziv strokovna sodelavka za odnose z javnostmi, kakšne bodo možnosti za napredovanje med plačnimi razredi in ali se v primeru, da je delavka v času povišanja plačnega razreda na porodniški, to tudi upošteva?
Pogačar: Je kakšna sodelavka iz UKOM-a na porodniški pa ne vemo?
Voditeljica: Ne da bi vedela.
Pogačar: Ti še niso povedali.
Voditeljica: Niso mi še povedali, sem si pa mislila, da se je opogumila kakšna iz ministrstev ali kje drugje.
Pogačar: Enostavno. Seveda, čas porodniškega dopusta se absolutno šteje v čas za napredovanje tudi po novem, tako kot se je tudi ocenjevalo. Nihče ne bo prikrajšan zato, ker je koristil porodniški dopust, dopust za nego otroka. To je vendarle nekaj najlepšega, kar se tudi uradniku lahko zgodi.
Voditeljica: Razredi smo rekli, da so tri odstotne točke razlike eden in drugi. Napredovanje smo pojasnili tudi že vse, kako je, koliko jih imaš in da bo še vse tudi v nadaljevanju natančno pojasnjeno. Še en očitek, ki se pojavlja. Župani in nasploh vsi ti funkcionarji, ki ste jih omenjali. In zdaj se bo županom končno zvišalo, ker tukaj sem na njihovi strani. To moram povedati.
Pogačar: Tudi jaz.
Voditeljica: Ja, ker so imeli zelo slabe plače. Roko na srce, tudi voditi občino ni nekaj najlažjega.
Pogačar: Ne samo to, voditi občino, oni so tudi neposredno izvoljeni s strani prebivalcev. Dejansko smo pri uvrstitvah funkcionarjev, se pravi, ko smo jih uvrščali na novo plačno lestvico, odpravljali tudi anomalije veljavnega sistema. Se pravi, nekaj smo ustrezna razmerja prenesli v novo plačno lestvico, ker vemo, da večja kot je plačna lestvica, omogoča tudi večji razmak med posameznimi funkcijami. Na primer, če lahko primer povem, da imata danes predsednik vlade in njegov minister samo štiri odstotke razlike v svoji plači. Mislim, glede na primerljivost funkcije je po novem tudi to razmerje noter. Problem so bile županske plače in dejansko se županom plače mislim, da največ povišujejo v celotnem javnem sektorju. To pa zato, ker so bile zdaj tako nizke. Se pravi, ta indeks je višji. Tukaj smo posebno neko razmerje vzpostavili tudi med župani največjih občin, se pravi mestnih občin, in župani majhnih občin. Ker moramo vedeti, da imamo pri nas zelo različno velikost občin. Na eni strani imaš sedem kategorij občin. Ena občina, ki ima 300 000 prebivalcev in imamo občino s 300 prebivalci in smo vztrajali na stališču, da njihova plača ne more biti enaka, kljub temu da oba opravljata enako funkcijo. Ampak nekdo je župan v občini z manj kot 2000 prebivalci, nekdo pa je župan mesta Maribor, Celje, Koper, da ne naštevam. Na koncu smo v dialogu s predstavniki vseh občinskih združenj se precej o tem pogovarjali. Popolnega soglasja nismo tukaj dosegli, zlasti pri, to je treba priznati, zlasti pri vprašanju županov manjših občin, ampak pogajanja, pri katerih bi bili vsi popolnoma srečni, niso dobra pogajanja.
Voditeljica: To se povsem strinjam. Za konec, kdaj bomo odprli šampanjce? Dve leti so bila pogajanja, dajva to povedati mogoče. Tudi ti si prej rekel 60 sestankov, da je bilo.
Pogačar: Pogajanja potekajo, pogajanja so potekala in še potekajo. Eno je bila delovna skupina za obravnavo zakona, ki je bila nekako ožje sestavljena iz strokovnjakov z obeh strani, sindikalne in vladne. In ta skupina je imela več kot 60 sestankov. In na tem mestu, to je bila res izjemno konstruktivna razprava. Naporna, ampak izjemno konstruktivna in če je priložnost, da se zahvalim tako svojim kolegom z ministrstva kot seveda tudi kolegom s sindikalne strani. Nekaj, kar se je zdelo šest mesecev, sta bila dva člena predloga diametralno nasprotna, pa smo potem našli skupno rešitev in je zakon praktično v celoti usklajen. Eno so pa seveda tista pogajanja, ki jih gledalci vidijo na televiziji, kjer se zbere vseh 45, 46 sindikatov, celotna vladna pogajalska komisija. Tukaj nas čaka na kolektivnih pogodbah še kar nekaj dela. Ampak jaz sem prepričan, če smo zmogli ta korak, nov zakon, kolektivno pogodbo, da smo tako daleč prišli, da bi bila res velika škoda, če nam zdaj ne uspe. Napovedujem šampanjec 10. decembra.
Voditeljica: Veselim se tega zgodovinskega trenutka, ker je bilo to res nujno potrebno. Čestitke, dobro delo še naprej. S tem smo zaključili današnji podkast. Hvala, da ste bili z nami. Nasvidenje.
Pogačar: Hvala za vabilo.
(ENGLISH VERSION)
The government's podcast, Govsi.
Host Petra Bezjak Cirman: Hello to our listeners and viewers. I'm Petra Bezjak Cirman and this is the 14th episode of the government's podcast, Gov.si, produced by the Communication Office. Today, we'll discuss the reform of the public sector wage system, which has a direct impact on the life of more than 188,000 public sector employees. At the same time, it affects all citizens because a good public sector is the foundation of any society. Every job position has a key role in making the country function. Here to answer our questions is Peter Pogačar, the head of the Directorate of the Public Sector at the Ministry of Public Administration and a member of the government's negotiating team.
Mr. Pogačar: Thank you for inviting me.
The host: We'll use our first names because we know each other from my previous career, where I was active in a union.
Mr. Pogačar: And just like back then, I'm now the other side of the table.
The host: But we're in the same boat this time around. As I mentioned, there are 188,000 public-sector employees. So, what exactly is the public sector, which is often criticized?
Mr. Pogačar: In any developed country, the public sector is crucial for the stable functioning of not just the state, but society as a whole. We sometimes say that the public sector takes care of every citizen from birth, through kindergarten, school, the healthcare system, and university, in terms of security, all the way up to retirement. All of this is part of the public sector. People need to realize that the public sector is not just the state apparatus, ministries and the like. It consists of 188,000 people who are needed to carry out public services for our citizens. I fell that's important, as it's interesting that you asked about this. I sometimes read online forums about how no one in the public sector works and why do we even need it. That person then drops off their child in kindergarten and expects top-notch care for nine hours until he gets home. He expects services for his elderly mom, his parents. Last but not least, we all expect the state to give us security. This is also enabled by the public sector.
The host: I had this criticism in mind. We often hear from the private sector that we are parasites, that we don't work, and that we're wasting tax funds. Our taxes are used to ensure free schooling almost up to the university level, and you don't need loans that you would need to pay back when you get a job.
Mr. Pogačar: I believe this is often overlooked by the public. We hear complaints about high taxes and a wasteful public sector, but then people say that it's a good thing that we, unlike people in many other countries, have free healthcare and education. It's not free. It also costs money, but it's funded through taxes.
The host: But it provides equal development opportunities for everyone.
Mr. Pogačar: Absolutely. One characteristic of developed countries is a robust public sector that enables public services. I feel this is a key issue for the future of our society and country: Will we be able to decide what kind of public sector we want? Which public services will continue to be provided by the public sector? We can opt for the privatization of some services, but the experience of other countries shows us that this isn't good for the population. However, if we all agree that public services should continue to be provided by the public service and that we want quality, effective services, then this involves expenses. That's how things work.
The host: We introduced a consolidated wage scale for the public sector in 2008, so wage reforms were probably needed. It was in effect for 15 years. Things were paused because of the crisis, so it was only fully enacted in 2020, so the proposals from 2008 were realized in 2020, including job performance. So, what does this reform of the wage system bring? There's a labor shortage on a global level. We're having trouble attracting public service employees like caretakers and cooks. How will that improve?
Mr. Pogačar: The wage system that came into effect in 2008 wasn't bad. If it had been a bad system, it probably wouldn't have lasted 16 years. But 16 years is a very long period, and the current wage system is no longer effective for our present challenges, such as the aging population and the need to attract young people. There were some half-measures, but the current wage system is increasing expenditures for wages, yet no one is satisfied with it. We needed change here and quite a few previous governments had wanted to bite the bullet, and this is a bullet, as you know because you used to be on the other side. It is a bullet, but not because of 46 public sector unions. I have no problems with them because it's right that every profession in the public sector can have representation for its members. The issue is that the public sector, which carries out all of these services, consists of so many different professions that to find a balance between these professions, while finding answers to all modern-day challenges, is a challenge. At the start of its term in office, the government decided to tackle wage reform. That reform is now imminent.
The host: One of the coalition pledges is that the lowest wage class will be equivalent to the minimum wage, which is now set near the 25th wage class.
Mr. Pogačar: We need some clarifications here because the public is unclear about some details. Right now, the public sector has more than 20,000 people whose base wages are lower than the minimum wage. Of course, these people are already being paid the minimum wage because no one can receive less than the minimum wage. However, this means that of the 66 wage classes in the current system, 24 are assigned less than the minimum wage. What has this meant for such an employee? Even if he got promoted because he worked well, got good evaluations, and so on, that promotion didn't result in a pay raise. He still got the minimum wage. That's why we now have 20,000 people earning the minimum wage, and you'd be surprised at the range of very different jobs these people have, and they're all earning the minimum wage. That's intolerable, so the government has committed itself to reform, and in dialog with social partners and unions, we were able to ensure that the first wage class, which used to be the 24th wage class, will be equal to the minimum wage. This means that no one in the public sector will have a base wage lower than the minimum wage. When people get promoted, their wages will reflect that. Their bonuses for overnight work, for Sunday work, for shift work, especially in healthcare and social care, will be derive from a higher basis. This will improve their situation.
The host: Will this attract people to the public sector?
Mr. Pogačar: This reform will primarily improve the situation of those with the lowest wages, those who are struggling even though their jobs are crucial for the care of our elderly, for our healthcare system, and so on. In terms of attracting new cadres, we cannot focus on just attracting young people. The situation in the public sector is such that we have to do something to keep the people that are already employed in the public sector. Of course, reforming the salary system with a number of measures will contribute to attracting new cadres into the public sector, and not only young people, as well as keeping existing employees. The salary is very important, but it is not the only thing. I think it is sometimes emphasised too much. People leave because of a poor work environment, relations, the job's prestige, disrespect ... So, we have a lot of work ahead of us, in other fields as well. If we want to provide our citizens with an efficient, high quality public sector, the salary reform is a crucial step, but only the first of many.
The host: If you wanted to go from the private to the public sector, it was not rewarded, as you came into the base salary grade. Anything new regarding that?
Mr. Pogačar: This measure is an anomaly in today's system. For salary grades to advance at one workplace, only the length of service in the public sector counted. For example, an accountant with 20 years of service in the private sector decided to start working in a kindergarten. Her salary grade was the same as that of a person that just graduated, so, without a single day of work experience. Naturally, that isn't right. The new act brings an important novelty. This accountant, when employed, will be able to have a salary grade as though her length of service was done in the public sector, if they demonstrate the required knowledge and skills. These are a myriad small measures that allow us to be more flexible in determining the salary grade upon employment. It is very important. Employers in the public sector have often said that the salary system is very inflexible. So, a person's salary grade was tightly regulated and it presented a big problem, especially in attracting people who already had skills and experience, acquired outside of the public sector.
The host: The difference between salary grades is 4%, what will the new one be?
Mr. Pogačar: To continue with minimum wage, there is a key novelty. The first salary grade is set at the minimum wage for the year 2024. At the same time, a new salary scale will be introduced. The new salary scale is structured from grade 1 to grade 67, with a ratio of 1:7. If the first salary grade is set at the level of the minimum wage, the highest grade is seven times that of the minimum wage. The differences between individual salary grades will be 3%, while currently they are 4%. This does mean that advancement will be slower, but a new ratio is being established. Let us not forget, in 2008, when the current salary system was introduced, the ratio between minimum wage and the highest salary in Slovenia was 1:10.4. So, the highest paid functions in the country were ten times that of minimum wage. Today, 15 years later, the ratio between the highest salary of the highest officials in the country and minimum wage is 1:4.5 We, and the unions, found this ratio no longer acceptable. We agreed that the ratio between minimum wage and the highest base salary in the public sector will be 1:7. I think this is a good compromise.
The host: I have data precisely on this topic. We checked state-owned companies that are not part of the public sector, and the highest salaries of those with the most responsibility, as this is overlooked too often. Those in the highest salary grade have the most responsibility. The comparison, with a state-owned company, is as follows. The Post of Slovenia, 10,000 euros gross per month, with 13,400 employees. ZZZS, 5,200 euros gross per month, with 866 employees. It is part of the public sector, hence that kind of salary. The SID Bank, 20,000 euros gross per month, with 221 employees. Again, in the public sector, UKC Maribor, over 5,000 euros gross per month, with 3,747 employees. And Elektro Primorska, 500 employees, 9,166 euros gross per month for the CEO of Elektro Primorska. For someone managing a medical centre with 8,000 employees definitely deserves a good or moderate salary for a position of such responsibility.
Mr. Pogačar: Absolutely. And that was one of the goals of reforming the salary system that the government set itself. And the unions did receive them with some understanding. The salaries of not only officials, but CEOs as well, you mentioned the University Medical Centre Ljubljana with 8,000 employees, and UKC Maribor ... An adequate ratio must be set in line with difficulty and responsibility. And we should say what happened in the past. I read somewhere that some official's salary is being raised by almost 50%. We have to say something about CEOs and officials. The average public sector employee's salary has, from 2015, when the cost-saving measures under the Fiscal Balance Act were discontinued, to 2022, cumulatively grown by nearly 30%, while officials' salaries have only grown 5%. This difference was also alerted to by the Constitutional Court in its ruling regarding judges' salaries. This happened because we did not adjust salaries. Salaries in the public sector were not adjusted to the inflation until this government took office. Employees in the public sector advanced and had certain partial agreements, while CEOs and officials basically stayed at the same level. I think that establishing this new ratio is an important compromise and will bring about adequate proportions, because the fact that our highest government officials or the CEO of a medical centre has the 5000th highest salary in the public sector is just not appropriate.
The Host: A doctor at the Medical Centre could, with allowances, have a higher salary than the CEO.
Mr. Pogačar: Surpassing their salary with allowances is not a problem, because they are always given under special conditions. I take no issue with that. If someone works the night shift, during the holidays, or overtime, that is a realistic indicator of their salary. But they started surpassing them in basic salaries. We have to say that officials and CEOs are not entitled to overtime or performance-related pay, they get no allowances except for past work. We defined these proportions in the new salary scale in such a way that no public sector employee can have a basic salary higher than that of the official who is their superior, nor can they have a higher salary than the CEO, that is how basically all companies work.
The host: You have mentioned grade advancements several times. Some say that advancements in the public sector have degenerated and that the highest assessments were given. What will now happen to those employees who have already received certain advancement assessments? What will happen to them after the New Year? Will that be calculated differently?
Mr. Pogačar: Let us start at the beginning. In the current system a public sector employee advances based on assessments. If you get an excellent score, you advance by two salary grades every three years, and there are various combinations. It has all come to nothing, mainly because of austerity measures, and evaluations weren't exactly realistic. But most of all, it was a big administrative burden. With a new system, employees won't be appraised for promotion. We will introduce automatic promotion. It means that civil servant will be promoted in a certain period for one salary step, but not everybody. A superior will have two options. One is automatic promotion, without administrative obstacles, or accelerated promotion for people achieving better results. Of course, there will also be a suspended promotion, if someone is not achieving expected objectives. The key thing is, with emphasis on attracting the young, that the system is composed in a way, where you can be promoted faster in the first years of your career, in the second decade of the career a bit slower, and even slower in the third decade. Why? Today, we have very big differences in the salary levels between young people and, I don't want to say older, but people with higher seniority who do the same work. The difference in the basic salary between them can be higher than 40%. In the new system you can be promoted for 30%, but you move up faster at the beginning of your career. With this, we want to enable young people, to move up faster, if they achieve the objectives. It is not true that we are abolishing the monitoring of the results. It is not true. The work results will be monitored through development interviews and the superior will have an option to choose a rapid or suspended promotion.
The host: What will happen with existing pay grades?
Mr. Pogačar: Of course, I'm sure viewers are interested. Someone, who moved up a year and a half ago for the last time, is now interested what will happen in three years from now. Was this year and a half wasted? No. This period, from the last promotion on the basis of appraisal until the enforcement of the new pay grade system is included in the period for promotion. At the beginning you shall move up every two years and later every three years. The period of work is not wasted.
The host: Let's answer a question of our citizen, which is related to this. A viewer is asking: With a third paragraph of the Article 16 was set that promotion is based on three annual appraisals. Namely, every three years for one or two pay grades, depending on the grade. What will happen with the appraisal for 2024? The new Act shall go into effect on January 1st 2025. How will the transition be executed? What can we answer?
Mr. Pogačar: For a period from the last appraisal, when the lady has been promoted, the years of service and the number of promotions will be transferred in the system to see, whether she is eligible, considering the years of service, for promotion on two years or three years. Then, this period from the last appraisal will be included in the period after the new Act. I have to know, how much time has passed since the last appraisal, how many years of service she has and in which pay grade she is. On the Ministry of Public Administration we have agreed that after the Act shall be adopted, the agreement will be signed for the public sector and we will know all classifications, we will prepare special trainings for all public servants, on-line as well. Maybe this is an opportunity to take part in those trainings, where we will explain what the new system means very practically.
The host: You are supposedly preparing an application to make it easier.
Mr. Pogačar: One application, where every public servant can see an anticipated pay grade in the new system within the new scale, is already on the website of Ministry of Public Administration as an aid, but you need to understand this subject beforehand. Within preparation for the new remuneration system, we will make a special application for all employers in public sector and all civil servants. It will be automated and it will facilitate the transition to the new system. We are aware of the fact that this transition is very quick for 188,000 employees and 3000 employers in public sector.
The host: Before we talk about money, how much shall this cost us, please, explain me the difference between pay anomaly and wage disparity, which was at the time of the old Act ...
Mr. Pogačar: We are laughing, because we talked about it before the show. Pay anomaly is a pejorative term for a wage disparity. What is a wage disparity? When we introduced a single wage system in 2008, that was like a revolution of the public sector. Until then every occupational group had its own system and rules. Everybody was negotiating higher salaries with their line ministers, which could lead us to the financial chaos. In 2008 we have entered a single wage system to ensure some kind of ratio between wages. To ensure a comparable payment for a comparable work. It is a very vague term. What is comparable? Can you compare a work of a clerk on UKOM, a clerk on Ministry of Public Administration, a violin player in Slovenian Philharmonic or a doctor? How do you compare that? Everybody has a university degree. But some kind of ratios were set nevertheless. Of course, imbalance means, when occupational group, whether with a strike or a social dialogue agrees on a wage increase for their group only, this ruins the balance with other occupational groups and you need a negotiation. Whether an employer, or in this case government, recognizes that this group needs an increase because of labour market needs or complexity of their work. A rebuilding of the pay system consists of two parts. One is a new pay system with a new pay scale of one to seven, which already means higher salaries for all. For those, who have lower salaries than the minimum wage and those a little above minimum wage. The negotiations on removing this imbalance are running in parallel. It means negotiations on higher rating and salaries. This is all part of the package. The Act is adopted, it has been put through legislative procedure and entirely co-ordinated with 30 union trades of the public sector that are the most powerful union trades. They represent more than 80% of employees in the public sector. Concurrently, the negotiations on rating are about to complete. Everything has to be adopted in a package that the new wage system comes into being with January 1st.
The host: And now the criticism. Where will the money come from? 1.4 billion Euros is needed for this. Gradually, right?
Mr. Pogačar: This is a very important message. 1.4 billion is a lot of money, no doubt about it. But we have to know that we are talking about 188,000 employees. The annual wage bill is 6 billion Euros right now. It will increase in any case, even if we don't adopt the new system. It will grow because of automatic promotions, because of agreements of the groups and it will be even harder to find new employees for the public sector. Of course, we cannot pay the whole €1.4 billion, this is the assessment, all at once. This would be a huge burden for our finances and we agreed with trade unions that the transition would be gradual. It will start on 1 January, 2025, when people will get a pay rise, and it will end on 1 January, 2028. It is important that Government and Parliament officials will not get higher wages in this term. They wanted to show it is not about them and their wages, it is about establishing the system. Something else is important here. The system is put up in a way that the first two rises will be paid in 2025, namely the 12% difference between today's and final wage, but not less than €100. We defined the lowest amount as well. This is important because people with lowest wages, who are looking forward to the reform the most, the lowest third of the pay system, people that are paid the least, will get the whole difference to the new wage in a year and a half. Officials and directors with higher wages will get the difference at the end. This is an important message because we are focusing on attracting young people and improving the situation of the least paid people who are doing a very important work, but can barely survive the month.
The host: You mentioned €100. We got a question. What exactly does this payment mean? How much will we get paid from 1 January, 2025, until 30 September, 2025? Does this mean the wage from 31 December, 2024, plus €100?
Mr. Pogačar: A very good question. This person obviously knows the system. When we are talking about €100, we always compare ... On 31 December, 2024, if the system will come into force, although there is no reason it would not, you have a certain wage in today's system. On the 1 January, the wage will be defined according to the new system. Let's say the difference is €270. This is the difference the employee is entitled to in the new system. Now, 12% out of 270 is a little more ... A little more than €40. This is less than €100, so this employee will get €100. On 1 October, 2025, this is why the gentleman mentioned 30 September, they will get another €100, and on 1 April on 1 May, 2026, I do not remember, they will get the rest. They will get the whole difference in the first three periods. In the meantime, their wage will be the wage from 31 December, 2024, plus €100 and from 1 October, another €100. They will get a certain percent, but not less than €100. This means people who are paid the least will get the whole difference to the new wage in the first year and a half.
The host: Next question. What happens if before 2028, the employee changes their post or is promoted? What happens to anomalies and the difference in this case?
Mr. Pogačar: We have foreseen all these situations in the Act. I can say the trade unions and the Government talked about the Act on more than 60 working group sessions. We talked about every article at least three times. Transitional provisions are very important. They define what happens during the transition to the new system. If someone changes their job during this period, the same rules apply as in their previous job. They will not get the final wage immediately, but the rules for the transition at the new post apply. They will not be worse off, but also not better. This is defined in transitional provisions.
The host: Next question. How will the wage be defined in the employment contract according to the Article 101 of the Act? Will the concrete amounts for different periods be defined?
Mr. Pogačar: A very good question from someone who knows the public sector, which shows the employers are already preparing for this demanding task. When we pass the law and sign collective agreements, we will prepare detailed instructions and publish them. We are also planning trainings where we will answer these questions about contracts as well. As a lawyer, I would say the final amount will be stated in the contract and then, the wage during different periods will be defined and how it will be adjusted. I do not know if I mentioned this, but a very important novelty that will affect employees is that we are introducing the automatic adjustment of wages. This has been one of the biggest downsides of our system. Now, the wages are not adjusted regardless of inflation or economic growth if the Government and trade unions do not reach an agreement. This is why wages in the public sector have not been adjusted. The new act brings an important novelty. Every year, the wages will be adjusted for 80% of the previous year's inflation, but we can still agree on more or less. The wages will be much more appropriate because the ratio I was talking about before between employees and officials was 1:10.5 at the beginning, today it is 1:4.3 and in the new system, it will be 1:7. The ratio was disturbed because the minimum wage has been adjusted to the inflation, which is right. We cannot imagine how hard people with the minimum wage live. But other wages have not been adjusted. This will not be happening in the new system. We will prevent real wages to decline. They will be adjusted to inflation.
The host: We will also be more attractive.
Mr. Pogačar: I hope so.
The host: Me too.
Mr. Pogačar: I hope so because the public sector has to become competitive because of demographic reasons and lack of people. We will have to compete for employees. 20 years ago, permanent contracts were enough. Now, you have to offer a stimulative wage, professional development. We need a flexible working environment, a respectful working environment, not only for young people, but also to retain those already employed. In the future, in addition to the public sector pay system, the role of managers will be crucial. There's a lot of leeway.
The host: Merit pay remains, I've mentioned it before, it's the last thing that came into being in the previous pay system, as late as 2020. Before there was no cash bonus to motivate the employees.
Mr. Pogačar: This was due to austerity measures. It's the easiest to give up what you've never had. Because merit pay was never introduced before, it was a matter of agreement, which is bad. But even in 2020, when we introduced merit pay, there was a lot of scepticism whether public sector managers will be able to deal with it. But today we see managers taking responsibility, but they also have tools in their hands. At the moment, merit pay is not that high, but with the new system, we are increasing the possibility of variable monthly remuneration, and the managers have a difficult task ahead of us.
The host: Another specific question. Very specifically again about the new act. Which posts fall under the non-regulated posts in the paragraph where overlooking education is mentioned, a few years' service, 10, 15, is stated as a condition. Is it possible to place a civil servant who demonstrates the appropriate competences and skills for a post in a higher pay grade, despite them not having enough years of service?
Mr. Pogačar: The institute of overlooking education is being introduced as a novelty. We've debated this a lot with the trade unions, this is a very difficult issue. On the one hand, there is a lack of staff, and on the other hand, pay is strictly linked to the level of education. Someone who doesn't have, for example, level 5 education, let's take the example of a cook in a retirement home. They have a key role in a retirement home.
The host: Or in a school.
Mr. Pogačar: They must prepare special meals and so on. There was a significant difference in their salary if they've graduated from a four-year or three-year secondary school. Then we talked about how we could enable them, given the skills and competences that they already have, to be granted a salary for level 5 education. Rest assured, if they worked in a restaurant in the private sector, nobody would ask them about their education level. The new act brings some possibilities, of course, under certain conditions. Of course, this can't be applied to regulated professions, doctors, nurses, public servants. You can't be operated on by someone with level 5 education. We need to distinguish between regulated and non-regulated professions. The new act brings a possibility of change under certain conditions. If they have relevant skills and work experience, they can receive a higher salary. All for the purpose of greater flexibility of the public sector in setting the salary, greater possibilities of attracting deficit personnel. Today in the public sector almost all professions are already in deficit, given the state of the labour market.
The host: We have already answered this specific question, but let's sum it up again. I would like to know what the new salary scale for a PR Assistant will be, what the possibilities for promotion between pay grades will be, and whether, in the event that a worker is on maternity leave at the time, this will also be taken into account.
Mr. Pogačar: Is one of our colleagues taking a maternity leave?
The host: Not that I know of. But I thought someone from one of the ministries gathered the courage to ask.
Mr. Pogačar: Maternity leave absolutely counts towards promotion, as it did before. No one will be deprived because they have taken maternity leave, leave to care for a child, which is, after all, the most wonderful thing, even for public servants.
The host: There is a three-percentage point difference between pay grades. We've also explained promotions, there will be further details. There's also a criticism about mayors. In general, all these officials that you've mentioned. The mayors are finally going to get an increase. I'm on their side, because they have very bad salaries.
Mr. Pogačar: I’m on their side, too.
The host: Running a municipality is not the easiest.
Mr. Pogačar: Not only that, but they are also elected directly by the inhabitants. In fact, when we put officials on the new salary scale, we also eliminated the anomalies of the current system. We transferred the corresponding ratios to the new salary scale, because we know that the higher the salary scale, the greater the gap between the various functions. Today, the Prime Minister and one of his ministers only have a 4% difference in their salary. This is not comparable to their function. This difference will now be bigger. The problem was mayoral salaries. I think the mayors are getting the biggest increase in the whole public sector, because their salaries were so low. We also established a special ratio between mayors of the largest, urban municipalities, and mayors of small municipalities. We have very different sizes of municipalities, we have seven categories of municipality. We have a municipality with 300,000 inhabitants and a municipality with 300 inhabitants. We insisted on the position that their salary can't be the same, even though they hold the same office. There are mayors of municipalities with less than 2,000 inhabitants, and then there are mayors of Maribor, Celje, Koper, and so on. In the end, in dialogue with the representatives of all the municipal associations, we've discussed this quite a lot. We haven't reached a complete agreement, I have to admit. Especially on the question of the mayors of smaller municipalities, but negotiations in which everyone is perfectly happy are not good negotiations.
The host: I agree. When can we pop the champagne? The negotiations have lasted two years, you've mentioned 60 meetings.
Mr. Pogačar: The negotiations are still ongoing. There was a working group discussing the act, made up of experts from both sides, trade union and government, and this group has had more than 60 meetings. This was a very constructive discussion, tiresome, but very constructive. I would like to take this opportunity to thank both my colleagues and the trade union representatives. For six months, two proposals were diametrically opposed, but we found a common solution and the act was coordinated. But there are also negotiations people see on TV, where all 46 trade unions and the whole government negotiating team gather. There is still some work to be done on collective agreements. But I am convinced that if we have managed this step, the new act, the collective agreement, that we have come so far that it would be a real pity if we failed. I'm predicting champagne on 10 December.
The host: I look forward to this historic moment, it was really urgently needed. Congratulations, keep up the good work. This concludes today's podcast. Thank you for being with us and goodbye.
Mr. Pogačar: Thank you for inviting me.